Natural Indicators :: essays research papers

Natural Indicators Each year millions of tourists travel to the woods of New England, upstate New York, Wisconsin, and Canada to witness the appearance of brilliant autumn colors. Sugar maples, red oaks, sumac, birch and other trees and shrubs turn from green to bright red, orange, and yellow. The short, cool days of autumn bring an end to the production of chlorophyll (the green light-gathering pigment). As chlorophyll gradually breaks down, the colors of the more stable carotenoid (yellow/orange) and anthocyanin (red/blue/purple) pigments become visible. Some years the leaves of a particular species are bright yellow, while other years they may appear redder or even purple. Although no one can accurately predict the timing or coloration of each year's show, we do know that there is a chemical basis for it. Anthocyanins (Figure I) are responsible not only for the red and purplish colors of autumn, but also for similar colors in various summer leaves (red cabbage, red lettuce, red plum tree), flowers (roses, hydrangeas, geraniums, bachelor buttons, dark pansies), fruit (cherries, red apples, grapes, tomato, blackberry, blueberry, plum), roots (beets, radishes), bulbs (red onions), and petioles (rhubarb). Anthocyanins are water-soluble and are dissolved in the cell sap rather than bound to the membranes as chlorophyll is. If cell sap in a leaf is very acidic, then anthocyanins make the leaves a bright red color, but if it is less acidic the color may appear purple. The color of anthocyanin depends on acidity, and thus it may serve as a pH (acid/base) indicator (Figure II). pH is a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of solutions. Numerically, the pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration. If the pH is less than 7 the solution is acidic, if it is greater than 7 the solution is basic, and if it is 7 the solution is neutral. The higher the pH, the more basic the solution, and the lower the pH, the more acidic the solution. Figure II illustrates the relationship between color and pH for anthocyanin pigments extracted from red cabbage or other sources. Since anthocyanins are found in all of the above named organic materials, they are all very useful natural indicators. Natural indicators are better for detecting acids and bases than man made indicators. This experiment utilizes red cabbage juice, red onion juice, blueberry juice, phenolphthalein, bromythol blue, and universal indicator for the indicators and for the acids and bases, uses .

High School Reunions Essay

An observation of a high school re-union was followed by an interview with two of the people attending for this ethnography. The two attendees used for the interview were one male and one female. After identifying some of the possible rationales regarding the culture of the reunion in the observation, the interview was conducted on the basis of the rationales. This was then analysed and compared to some of the findings from cultural research and theory before a conclusion of sorts was made. Observation The group environment and context for the observation was that of the Aliso Niguel High School Class Reunion, Class of 1999. The High School is located in Aliso Niguel CA. The reunion being observed took place in Irvine, CA. There were approximately 300 people present. The general patterns of behaviours amongst the people consisted of lots of mingling and idle chat. Some of the people were notably more reserved than others. It seemed as though the single people were working harder to start conversation and were far more approachable. In contrast, couples didn’t seem to portray the same type of inviting body language when on their own, but became more confident when with a spouse or friend. Approximately, 80% of the attendees held drinks in their hand as a norm and there were also presents and cards being exchanged from the outset. From overhearing the participant’s conversation it seemed as though many of them still lived in the Southern California area and this became a main source of conversation throughout. The interaction was generally based upon excitement, smiling and heightened voices at notably louder than normal volume. With regards to dress codes, there didn’t seem to be much evidence of diversity. This was particularly notable in the case of the females. The majority of them had light hair past their shoulders and the clothing style that was adopted by the attendees was strikingly similar. There were very few obese or overweight people that attended. These people perhaps did not attend as failed invites were not taken. There were clear indications of sub-groups at the gathering, although they seemed to carry conversation with the rest of the attendees in accordance with the larger group. Amongst the males there were indications of many stereotypes such as â€Å"meat head† or â€Å"gym jocks†, as I overheard one female state. Although as many of these people are now approx. 27-30 years old, it was harder to categorize them in such terms. There did seem to be a stronger merge between coupled groups and singled groups rather than any cross over. There appeared to be a symbol of people trying to meet a certain criteria throughout. For instance, there was a group of approximately 15 females. I overheard that all of them got married within the last 2 years and many of them either attended and/or where present at each other’s wedding. This could be indicative of a desire to follow patterns and trends in behaviour as though as everyone else is getting married then so must they, so that they aren’t left behind. Contrastingly, the males seemed to compare status in relation to possessions, such as career, cars, and houses paying particular attention to the location of the houses. There appeared to be a great deal of stereotypical role playing. This was perhaps due to the situation and the fact that earlier identities were known by other attendees. Expectation of success may have accentuated the desire for the attendees to exaggerate their status so as to appear successful. I felt that many of the attendees really liked re-living the past. They may have either really enjoyed their high school years, or were very curious as to what their classmates were doing now. However, this could also be a test of identity or serve as a self measuring experience on the basis of their peer’s behaviours and successes. Interviews The questions that I asked were qualitative, semi structured and thematic in nature focusing mainly upon stereotypes and reasoning. This was to see if the thoughts of the interviewees compared with what seemed apparent about the culture of the re-union gathered from the observation. That is to say, was this something of a self regulation exercise for the attendees or was it an exercise in cultural normality? On being asked for their reasoning in relation to the re-union, the male interviewee stated that: ‘No one takes it seriously. Certainly not me. ’ The second female interviewee stated in relation to the same question that: ‘You kinda get to know everyone personally again‘. These responses suggested two different rationales. In the case of the male, it appeared as though the reunion was something of a casual affair that could turn out to be fun as long as it wasn’t taken seriously or that anything was invested in the occasion. Whereas the female’s response indicated that there was a personal form of intimate gratification involved in seeing other people again. The latter response would suggest that there is some form of self regulation going on in relation to peers (Devine, 1989). Whether this was merely for the purposes of satisfying interest or to measure oneself against the progress of other peers was less clear (Tajfel, 1982). On being given and questioned about some of the stereotypes of others observed at the re-union, the male interviewee stated that: ‘The stereotypes you have mentioned are generally applied to people you haven’t interacted with. They’re based upon ignorance. They go away once you get talking’ This indicates a difference between known and unknown people, which is common in western individualistic society (Hofstede, 2001). It appeared that the male attendee was not willing to accept or perhaps did not realise the significance of stereotypical role playing and instead took everyone at face value once a conversation took place with another. This rejection of stereotypes was also found in the response of the female attendee who stated that: ‘I don‘t really know, I always talk to people at parties and they always seem friendly, bar one or two. Is that a stereotype? †¦ha ha! ’ This raised some interesting points. For instance, although the attendee may well have pre-conceived notions about certain stereotypes, the individuals may have felt that they were the only people that perceived them in that way (Devine, 1989). Due to the experience of the situation that reinforced certain social norms, this stereotype may diminish or grow regardless of the former social group. This was put forward by Gudykunst, who suggested that, â€Å"Some of our stereotypes are unique and based on our individual experiences, but some are shared with other members of our in-groups. The stereotypes we share with others are our social stereotypes. We may know what the social stereotype of a group is, but still hold a different view of the group. † (Gudykunst, 1997, p127) On asking about what they felt they had gained from the experience of the re-union and what others may have also gained, the male attendee stated that: ‘I found out all the different directions that people have taken. It’s not just about getting married, buying a house and having kids. Most people have branched right out since then’ The second female attendee stated in relation to the same question that: ‘I feel good that everyone seems to be doing so well. Everyone’s the same, but do their thing differently, if you know what I mean’ The notion of difference was clear in the responses of the interviewees. It would appear that although the roles and social norms were fairly similar and the content of the conversations were uniformly based upon success, the overview was based upon everyone’s success and happiness maintained through a degree of different life styles. This was again perhaps unsurprising given the individuality that is so common to western cultures (Hofstede, 2001). The emphasis on success and progression was also unsurprising for similar reasons. However, the amount of actual difference that was displayed at the re-union in terms of dress code and normative behaviour could be seen in contradiction of this difference (Tajfel, 1982). It would appear that such difference was only referred to in conversation rather than in actual behaviour. It would appear that sub-cultures were compromised at the re-union and stereotypes were overlooked as long as the attendees followed the correct social norms whilst at the re-union. Bibliography Devine, P, G. , (1989) Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18. Gudykunst, W. , & Bond, M, H. , (1997) Inter-group Relations Across Cultures. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds. ) Handbook of cross-cultural Psychology: Social Behaviour and Applications, 3, 119-161. Hofstede, G. (2001) Culture’s Consequences, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Tajfel, H. , (Ed. ) (1982) Social Identity and Inter-group Relations London: Cambridge University Press.

Future Trading And Spot Market Volatility Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2562 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This study investigates the effect of the future trading activities trading volume : proxy of future liquidity on spot price volatility for crude palm oil by using GARCH model specifications. Specificlly, it examine whether the increase or decrease volatility level of spot price for crude palm oil affected by future market trading. In addition, it also show that volatility spot market in crude palm oil future is different from other spot market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Future Trading And Spot Market Volatility Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The study of this research covers the period from 31 October 2006 until 31 October 2010. The expected result is the research will find that crude palm oil future trading is tend to drive spot market volatility. Generally believe that the existing of hedgers and speculators tends to drive spot market volatility and possible speculative trading in futures market may have destabilised spot prices of underlying commodities. INTRODUCTION Palm oil is extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree. The palm fruits yeilds both palm oil and palm kernel oil. Palm oil is extracted from the pulp of the fruit and is an edible oil used in food. It is the world biggest vegetable oil crop, which is 22% of the worlds oil compared to soybean oil. Malaysia is the worlds second largest crude palm oil producer and exporter and the first leading in the world is Indonesia. Over 90% of the worlds palm oil exports are produced in Malaysia and Indonesia. As we know, palm oil has been used in most daily product such us frying and cooking oil, cookies, butter, soap and many more, however, nowadays, they already found new technology in non food used for palm oil such as biodiesel and it being expected be a increasingly demand in palm oil. Futures market are developed as a means to accommodate the volatility of commodities prices, notably agricultural products. This is justified because the two feature of future markets are variability and unpredictable in prices. Malaysia Crude Palm Oil is currently the top futures contract by trading volume and open interest. Future Crude Palm Oil (FCPO) contract has been the global price benchmark. It has been launched by Bursa Malaysia Derivatives Bhd. (MDEX) or as known as Kuala Lumpur Commodity Exchange (KLCE) in September 2008. It is considered as a commodity derivatives instrument that use Ringgit denominated Crude Palm Oil Future contract which has been trading since 1980. FCPO is derived from the actual priceof physical palm oil . On the other hand, physical palm oil is the underlying instrument which is traded in the local deliver market. FCPO is local investment product and being traded in Malaysian Ringgit. It is an investment product that offered by Bursa Malaysia which it being monitor their creadibility and transparency by Securities Commission Malaysia. It has been approved by The Adviser of Securities Commission Malaysia as one of investment product that has been declared as shariah compliance. The profit that being generated from FCPO is tax free. FCPO traded using matured palm oil and globally where hedgers involved actively and contributed to the real market based on demand and supply in palm oil market. Commodities futures is introduced for two reasons. Firstly, it can be used to manage price risk. It is the main reason in derivative trading because trading derivative can reduce the risk goods by providing an additional way to invest the lesser trading cost. Its also provide extra liquidity in the stock market. Second reason is FCPO can be used as hedging vehicles. If we use commodities as one of the hedging vehicle, it is a very technical strategy that used almost by producer and processors to protect a position in commodities. For example, a grower would use commodity hedge to obtain price as high as possible for the he or she sells. N. M. Naziman, A. Samad, Yusrina H. (2012) investigate the price of discovery of the Malaysian crude palm oil future market. They find there is a dynamic relationship between spot and future prices and it prove that the crude palm oil prices effect the price discovery function, therefore future prices will be used by producers and traders as the relevent price for they making decision. Their finding is very useful for anyone in agricultural commodities markets such as producers, traders, regulators and policy maker. Rosalan, Shafinar (2006) said that as an agricultural product, palm oil prices are known for its unpredictability and variability. As such, the price movement of palm oil are very volatile in past few decades. For the past twenty five years palm oil prices had fallen to as low as RM400 per tonne in 1986 to as high as RM2 500 tonne in 1998. Therefore, at the peak of 1997-98 currency crisis, palm oil sector helped Malaysian economy from falling further and longer. In the beginning of 20th century, palm oil prices are remain floating between RM1,100 RM 1,300 per tonne. For the first half of 2003, it is trading around RM1,400 to RM1,600 per tonne. PROBLEM STATEMENT A study which analyzes the relationship between future trading activities (trading volume) and spot market volatility on Crude Palm Oil Future (FCPO). Without better understanding from the relationship between variables define above will give negative impact and will end up will some loss. Price of FCPO is very volatile and unexpected. Some people said that, it because of the existence of speculators because they creating untrue news and keep speculate the market. They also one of the main reason why price of FCPO keep volatile and they take advantage from the volatile market. Investor should more sensetive regarding the price of crude palm oil and try to avoid speculator that will make our life miserable. A model that is frequently used to link futures and spot contracts uses the concept of cost of storage. In this model, the difference between the spot and futures contracts is the cost of carrying the commodity into the future, specified by the maturity date of the futures contract. This difference, or the cost of storage, may either be negative or positive, depending on the trading volume of the underlying asset and spot price. Acording to Bakaert and Harvey (1997), emerging future market are characterized by low liquidity, small trading, and maybe the return produced higher sample average, better predictability, higher volatility and offer smaller sample for research. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to examine the stabilizing or destabilizing effect of derivative market on spot market for crude palm oil, to understand the destabilization effect, the relationship of the unexpected liquidity of future market. This paper also empirically examine the effect of future trading activities on spot price volatility for crude palm oil. This study is differ from other studies of future trading because Malaysia is the number one producer and exporter of palm oil in the world market. Besides that, FCPO were the first derivative instrument being traded in Malaysia. Secondly, this study differ with other studies because we use the GARCH family of statistical models which are a superior technique for modelling volatility. GARCH is a model for forecasting volatility where the variance rate follows mean reverting process. LITERATURE REVIEW Future market is a form of derivative market. It developed as a means to accommodate the volatility of commodity prices, notably agricultural products. Rosalan Ali,(1998) and Shafinar I.(2006) said that this is justified because the two feature of futures markets are variability and and unpredictability in prices. The prices shows very fluctuate and always volatile. Thats why agricultural supplier and users concern in managing adverse price movements and hence, futures market being used as on of hedging mechanism. Basically, there are two type of group involved in future market that is hedgers and speculators. Rosalan Ali said hedgers can provide wider protection for from drastic move in commodities prices. They can remove the effect of price increase and decrease and stabilizing and give flexible management action. By creating counterbalancing position in future market, profit can compansated any loss in future market. And this can create a stable price which can be determined in ad vanced. Spot price volatility behavior is very related and very close to the stabilization issue. If we used derivative trading efficiently and improved it, the volatility problem can be reduced. Speculators who are creating the speculative forces will be attracted to the lower transaction in derivative trading which is can affect also spot market volatility. This show the positive relation that the introduction of derivative will afffect the volatility underlying spot market. There are many past studied intensely debated about the future trading will affect de- stabilize the spot market by making volatile. Sbehal B., Saurabh G (2003) and Sanjay S. Namita (2012) said that derivative will attract speculator. If with the participant of speculators, this will allow high level of leverage which mean that will make the quality information lower in market. Speculators will make money when there are price movements and lose money when the price move against them. As a risk taker, the margin require ment and commision charges are considered and the effect of leverage. This means that once the contract is opened (open interest), his position will be marked daily according to market( closing) prices. Sahadevan(2002) found that the the analysis of futures markets in agricultural commodities in the India on price discovery in a sample six commodities traded in four exchanged not efficient in sense that the futures prices are not unbiased predictor of the future ready rates. Sahadevan show that the different between the future prices and the future ready rates is an indication of inefficiency come from the underdeveloped nature of the market. Lazaros, Marcel, Chris (2012) analayzes the fundamental role of inventory in explaining commodities futures prices and their volatilities in the economic framework. They using an extensive dataset of monthly inventories for 21 different commodities for the period from 1993 to 2011 and test two prediction. First they found negative relationship between inventories and forward. Second, they found that inventory is negatively related to commodity price volatility. Besides that, they also foundlow inventory more impact on volatility than high inventory. In commodity future markets, few studies have addressed this issue. Noriza, Noraini (2012) said that commodity price instrument relatively very volatile which is reflected to their trading mechanism performance.This statement proved using relation between price with open interest, volume of trading and cash settlement and test using regression. The volatility of the commodity price instrument can be evaluate based on analyzing pattern movement fron high to low level. The result is increasing in price of FCPO and FPKO will increase their trading volume, cash settlement and open interest. For recommendation , the trader or investor in Malaysia can invest in FCPO contract compared to FPKO since the contracts can maximize the trader profit. METHOD The data consist of crude palm oil which is most actively traded on Malaysia Derivative Exchange (MDEX). The selection of crude palm oil commodities because FCPO is in investment instrument that have inflation sheild and mostly other investment influence also because of the characteristics is two way market. It aslo proved future market that have the most stable product among other product offered by Bursa Malaysia. It also offered high leverage compared with other instrument offered in Malaysia where the potential return is very high. The period of study is from October 2006 to October 2012 and data being extracted from Bursa Malaysia website. The data comprises of daily closing spot and future prices of the crude palm oil. To minimize the heteroscedasticity in data, we take the natural logarithm of daily prices. The daily spot return are constructed from the spot price data as log (/), where is the spot price at time t. These commodities are applied to examine the aggregate behavior of commodities with regards to destabilisation effects. THE HODRICK- PRESCOTT FILTER (HP FILTER) The paper uses HP filter to decompose the study series into expected and unexpected components. Like GARCH MODEL The GARCH (1,1) Model We begin with the simplest GARCH (1,1) specification : n which the mean equation given in (a) is written as a function of exogenous with an error term. Since is the one-period ahead forecast variance based on past information, it is called the conditional variance. The conditional variance equation specified in (b) is a function of three terms : A constant term News about volatility from the previous, measured as the lag of the squared residual from the mean equation (the ARCH term). Last periods forecast variance (the GARCH term). The (1,1) in GARCH (1,1) refers to the presence of a first- order autoregressive GARCH term (the first term in the parentheses) and a first- order moving average ARCH term ( the second term in parentheses). An ordinary ARCH model is a special case of a GARCH specification in which there are no lagged forecast variances in the conditional variance equation, a GARCH (0,1). There are two equivalent representation of the variance equation that may aid you in the interpreting model : If we recursively substitute for the lagged variance on the right-hand side of Equation (b), we can express the conditional variance as a weighted average of all of the lagged squared residuals: We see that the GARCH (1,1) variance specification is analogous to the sample variance, but that it down- weights more distant lagged squared errors. The error in the squared returns is given by . Substituting for the variances in the variance equation and rearranging terms we can write our model in terms of the errors: Thus the squared errors follow a heteroscedasitic ARMA (1,1) process. The autoregressive root which governs the persistence of volatility shocks is the sum of and . In many applied setting, this root is very close to unity so that shocks die out rather slowly. The GARCH (q,p) model and the GARCH-M model are other versions of GARCH model. We take the residuals of GARCH model to take this as a measure of spot market volatility. GARCH 1 1 P Q model hence our paper model hence our paper model has used this model. EXPECTED RESULT Using GARCH methodology, this article evaluated the effect of future trading on spot market volatility of FCPO. The expected result is FCPO trading in future market have destabilized spot prices of underlying commodities. Based on previous studies, most of future trading have impact on spot price volatility whether increase in volatility or decrease in volatility. CONCLUSION Using GARCH methodology, this paper evaluated the impact of introduction of future on spot market volatility in Malaysian commodity market or more likely about Crude Palm Oil Future that being traded in the Malaysian Derivatives Exchange. The effect of future trading activities on spot price volatility for crude palm oil which is the most liquid future contracts traded in the Bursa Malaysian derivative market have attracted interest from many researchers. Empirical studies carried out so far does not have any solution on the debate of the effect future trading on spot price volatility on CPO. In particular, the effort is targeted towards estimating the convenience yield implicit in the prices of futures contracts using historical return variances. This parameter is then included in the cost-of-carry model for determining whether or not any improvement in forecasting ability can be achieved. The results, based on 15-year from 1988 to 2002, support the claim that the model provides a b etter prediction than the simple cost-of-carry model, both for in-sample and out-ofsample data. This strengthens the view that historical return variances play a role in the pricing of futures contracts for commodities, and can be used to provide a relatively good forecast of futures prices

My Year Of High School - 877 Words

If I had the opportunity to go back in time, I would redo every year of High School. Three of the biggest problems that I faced were: not studying on time, not doing the homework on time, and always cheating off of my best friend s paper. I would always be afraid to ask the teacher questions because I didn’t want to seem dumb, so instead I would cheat or go on Google and copy down the answers word for word. What I failed to realize was that I was capable of thinking my own thoughts and that everyone has their own unique way of thinking. As my 9th grade year begun, I was beyond thrilled because I was now being known as a freshman of McGehee High School. Besides being away from the teachers and their ridiculous rules in Junior High, I no longer had to worry about being called â€Å"the little kids† by the seniors and juniors because we were now all in the same building. What I did have to worry about was getting the amount of credits I needed to pass into the next grade, and to graduate once I made it to the 12th grade. Throughout my entire freshman year, I made sure that I did every assignment and studied for every test because I didn t want to start on a wrong foot. There would be some days when I didn’t want to do anything, so instead of trying I would get all the answers from my friend. I could see that many days she would get annoyed by me always asking for the answers, so I made a promise to myself that I wouldn’t ask anyone else for an answer that I was capable ofShow MoreRelatedMy Year Of High School910 Words   |  4 Pagesfinished my junior year of high school I’ve gotten by thus far with lazy study techniques that don’t require much effort and grab an A or B. But have I retained all the information I spent many an hour studying for? Vaguely. This is due to my poor study habits. I am a procrastinator; it’s possibly my most favorite and least favorite thing to do at the same time. I don’t try to pr ocrastinate it’s possibly just an innate skill of mine. When I would rather binge watch Netflix or play video games on my PlayStationRead MoreMy Years Of High School Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesThere’s four main seasons that occur throughout the year. I’ve always loved the saying â€Å"like the seasons we change.† When I hear this saying I like to think of a tree; how it can go from being a little sprout, to small tree with only branches, to being so full of life with colors and leaves everywhere. This tree withstands the scorching hot summers, the brutal cold winters and all of what is in between. This tree stands strong and continues to grow and mature through it all. I would compare myselfRead MoreMy Year Of High School Essay958 Words   |  4 Pages Back in my freshmen year of high school, I cringed at the thought of writing essays. I could not convey my thoughts through my writing efficiently. After sophomore year, I became a bit more confident about my writing. It was not until junior year, however, that my writing drastically improved. IB English 11 enhanced quite a few of my weaknesses and molded me into an analytical thinker. Nevertheless, the process of becoming a capable writer was rigorous. One of my biggest challenges as a writer:Read MoreMy First Year Of High School947 Words   |  4 PagesI’m not quite sure when it started. My best guess would be freshman year of high school. I was transitioning into a new school which initially hadn’t bothered me. The problem was that I was split up from a lot of the friends I had before. Some were in different high schools and others were just in different classes leaving me by myself as they made new friends. Adding to this was the fact that I was in an honors program I struggled to keep up with. The work suddenly didn’t make any sense, I was unpreparedRead MoreMy Senior Year In High School760 Words   |  4 PagesMy Senior Year in High School was More Fun than Work As I walked across what appeared to be a mile-long stage to receive my diploma, I realized I had put in a lot of hard work leading up to that moment, but my senior year was not one of them. I enjoyed myself as much as possible during my senior year and was able to have some of the best times of my life that I will remember forever. I participated in fundraising events, prom king competition and matured leading up to my senior year which was notRead MoreMy Experience At My High School Year Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagespartially the decision that I took. During my High School years, my only desire was to get away from the place I called home. I could not wait to see myself outside the door of my house, doing something that did not relate to my family and well, what I called friends. I never felt comfortable, I had to get away, to be alone, to be in a place where no one would need me, a place where I would only depend on myself. During my last high school year I spent most of my time looking for a university which wouldRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School893 Words   |  4 Pageschanging my past for it is has led me to who I am now. However as I grow and reflect on circumstances that have occurred, I realize that there are instances in which I yearn that I would have done things differently. One perhaps being, I wish in my senior year of high school I would have worked less hours at my job and enjoyed my classes, events, and token opportunities in school. The summer before my senior year of high school began my parents had taken the decision that after twenty years of marriageRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School965 Words   |  4 PagesMy senior year of high school and I still felt like a freshman. The typical freshman vibe of not fitting in due to the fact that I was a new kid in school and the majority of people had been there since junior kindergarten. These four years at Cannon School have been an emotional rollercoaster. Due to the fact that I couldn’t find any friends for the first two years. I thought that I would find a group that I could hang out with but, it didn’t seem like I was fitingt into any of the cliques. I hadRead MoreMy First Year Of High School923 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my senior year of high school, I discovered everything I learned prior to that year would relate to my future. Writing essays every day helped me to be accustomed to writing. Reading something every day will helped me becaus e that I would learn new information. Using the technologies like the computer is also a part of my meaning to everyday life. Lifelong Learning will always be part of our daily lives wherever we go. To begin with, writing is a lot of fun and creative. During my first yearRead MoreMy First Year Of High School1135 Words   |  5 PagesI’ve never felt any particularly good feelings about school, especially high school. In my first two years of public school, I found that I didn’t like my teachers and classes. I started ditching to avoid the boredom, hanging out with friends instead of doing schoolwork. My mom noticed me falling so far behind, so she reached out to a friend who worked at a different type of school. I was signed up and started that school in my junior year. I was still far behind, and wasn’t fazed much on the fact

Essay on Legalization of Marijuana, Cocaine, and...

In the United States, there are many drugs that are outlawed due to their supposed harmful and dangerous effects on humans. Some of these drugs include marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and prescription pills that are abused by people to whom they are not prescribed. Recent movements have called for the legalization of all of these drugs. Although it appears that legalization of all drugs on the market seems like a valid movement, in reality, all hard drugs such as cocaine and prescription pills should remain illegal because they are detrimental to society and have a tend for users to develop a physical dependency on these drugs. Throughout the history of the United States, citizens have used a vast amount of narcotics and stimulants for†¦show more content†¦Although there is not much good that can come from people smoking cigarettes, at least the government is able to collect money which according to Obama’s Childrens Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009, the additional revenue received from these taxes are able to go towards families that would normally not be given any money by the government. With regards to alcohol, the government also gets revenue from the taxes on alcohol. In the year 2008, the United States received $5,763,336 in taxes on alcoholic drinks. This money can also be used to help families stricken with poverty that normally wouldn’t receive money from the government. Having both of these drugs legal is rationally defensible because the government is able to make money on these products. Another drug that is used by many Americans is marijuana. Marijuana in America is illegal for what the government sites for many health reasons. However, I believe that Marijuana should be legalized for many different reasons. As stated before, a big part of tax revenue for both state and federal governments are taxes on cigarettes. If marijuana was legalized, both governments could implement heavy taxes on marijuana and ma ke a lot of revenue off of the product. A study that was preformed on agriculture in the Unites States found that in fact, marijuana was the number one cash crop in America. â€Å"The study estimates that marijuanaShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1586 Words   |  7 PagesStates suffer from sicknesses that can be help treated with marijuana. The â€Å"drug† marijuana has many benefits from minor day-to-day to life-changing benefits. Cancer, strokes, arthritis, stress, anxiety, and depression are just some instances. Marijuana has been a stigma of bias beliefs for many years. People fear that marijuana can have a negative impact on their health. Such as, breathe in smoke, brain damage, gateway to other drugs but marijuana is a safe substance that should be legalized in the UnitedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?812 Words   |  4 PagesKush, Pot, Weed, Mary Jane, marijuana is known by many names. Americans perceive marijuana as an awful drug. But have am ericans discovered that marijuana has be known to contribute good and bad qualities for the human body. Americans should legalize marijuana because there has been no evidence that anyone has ever died of marijuana overdose, Marijuana is a safer drug than others, and Marijuana has a lower risk of addiction than most legalized drugs. To begin with, Marijuana was first known to be discoveredRead MoreThe Legalization Of All Drugs1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe legalization of all drugs considered illegal in the United States today would do more than any other act to eradicate current social and political problems. Though many would naturally think otherwise, legalizing drugs like marijuana, ecstasy, meth, cocaine, heroin, mushrooms, LSD, and DMT would cripple organized crime, majorly reduce death and injury from drug use, unclog the court system, and make these drugs much safer to use. Contrary to popular belief, the legalization of all drugs wouldRead MoreEssay on Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Uses and Hemp662 Words   |  3 PagesLegalization of Marijuana for Medical Uses and Hemp Marijuana, dope, weed, pot, these are all names for a drug that has many medical uses, but it not currently legal in the United States. Marijuana is still used extensively for medical purposes, even though it is illegal. Marijuana, when smoked, produces a chemical substance known as THC, or tetra-hydro-cannabinol. It is often used as a recreational drug, which is used to heighten perception, and relax the mind and body. In medical useRead MoreOur Cup Of Coffee Is More Addictive And Harmful Than A Joint Of Marijuana Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesYour cup of coffee is more addictive and harmful than a joint of marijuana. Marijuana a.k.a. weed, cannabis, doja, ganja, reefer, the devils lettuce, grass, pot, dank and dope, is one of the safest drug a human can use as well as the most used illicit substance in the United States. The rate of use in people under 18 has increased while the rate of people who think the drug is dangerous is decreasing. The myth that marijuana users are â€Å"losers† and unsuccessful just does not add up. The majority ofRead MoreLegalization Of Medical Marijuana And Marijuana1486 Words   |  6 Pages Legalization of Medical Marijuana Name: Institution: Abstract In 1996, California set a pace that would lead to today’s debate on medical marijuana and marijuana as a whole by passing the Compassionate Use Act that allowed the use of medical marijuana. Other states have since followed the trend and school of thought, case in point; Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont andRead MoreAnti Drug Use And Abuse1413 Words   |  6 Pagesof different drugs were commonly used such as alcohol, marijuana, Benzedrine, morphine, heroin, and later psychedelic drugs including peyote, and LSD. Although some of these drugs were just being introduced into the main stream for experimental use they would later become some of the most popular drugs used by many. However, in 1951 The Boggs Act had already established mandatory minimum federal sentences for possession of marijuana, cocaine, and opiates so people who used these drugs knew thereRead More harmf ul legalization Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages Harmful Legalization The United States government has seen fit to pass laws prohibiting the sale, manufacture, and possession of dangerous and destructive substances such as marijuana. In opportunistic and negligent haste, fringe aspects of society are seeking to undo laws regarding the restriction of marijuana. These factions have ignored the risks associated with marijuana, falsified information regarding its medical use, and ignore the greater issue with regards to the legalization of harmfulRead MoreEffects Of Drug Use On Society And Individuals932 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiment with drugs like marijuana and nicotine. Adults, especially those who have suffered Beard 2 illness or injury. They take drugs like meth, cocaine, and heroine. Adults can also easily become addicted to their prescriptions. According to Healthline, highly addictive prescription drugs tend to be Xanax, Valium, Oxycodone, Amphetamines (Speed), and Ritalin. Individuals who start abusing substances such as marijuana (a mild drug in contrast) oftenRead MoreMarijuana Research Paper1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Legalization of Marijuana Lately it seems that drug policy and the war on drugs has been in the headlines continuously. Policies in United States government takes against illegal drugs are coming into question. Marijuana laws have been enacted since 1937, that’s over 75 years of prohibition. But in 1996, California passed Proposition 215, legalizing the use of prescription medical marijuana. Just like the failed attempt of alcohol prohibition, marijuana is now rising as the most popular drug

Phantom of the Opera Free Essays

Symbolism behind the Phantom of the Opera Throughout the story and the original novel, the symbolic use of mirrors abound. I think much deeper it’s dealt with in the original book by Gaston Leroux, and somewhat alluded to in different terms in the movie. Nevertheless, let’s take a look at the reflection in the mirror and see what’s there. We will write a custom essay sample on Phantom of the Opera or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is a mirror? Basically, it’s just a smooth shiny surface that forms an image by reflection. When we gaze into a mirror, our reflection returns to us, and we see ourselves through our own eyes. What reflection we see in our own mind can either be reality or distortion. Psychiatry research has actually termed a body image distortion disorder for those who look in the mirror and see themselves as something they are not. The image reflected in the mirror can have a profound effect upon us. Christine is faced with the mirror in her dressing room. The mirror calls to her to explore the depths of the Phantom and the one who has forged her inner self through his music. Through the mirror he calls to her, and bids her to look at her own image in the mirror. â€Å"Look at your face in the mirror. I am there inside! † What she discovers in the mirror is the reflection of the Phantom, who has become part of her, dwelling inside her mind, and now bids her into his world to know him as he truly is. She succumbs and in a trace like state follows him through the mirror to his domain. In the book, the Phantom’s torture chamber is a room of mirrors representing the true torture of his own life, which is the reflection of himself and the agony he feels. In the movie, we see all the mirrors are hidden and covered, until Christine removes his mask and uncovers his true appearance. In reaction, he pulls down the coverings over the mirror that reveal the ugliness and agony of his soul. Yet, the mirrors have deeper meanings behind them. As humans, we are visually driven and attracted toward outward beauty, which we highly value in others and in ourselves. We often fail to understand that who we are as human beings goes far beyond our outward appearance. Beauty is also an inward quality. In astonishment the Phantom hears Christine say, â€Å"This haunted face holds no horror for me now. It’s in your soul that the true distortion lies. † How often have you looked in the reflection of the mirror and found displeasure in what you saw? I dare say most of us have. It’s the mirror to our souls, our self-image, and our self-worth. It can either torture us or please us. However, your image as a human being goes far beyond the reflection of the mirror; it goes to the depth of your soul, which is eternal. Your body will waste away in the grave, but your soul and its essence will continue throughout eternity. Would it not be a better to focus on that which is eternal within us, rather than that which is temporal and wasting away? Go to a mirror and tell me what you see. Let the reflection come back into your eyes through the window of your soul. If you see some distortion within, perhaps it’s time to acknowledge it, pick up the candlestick, break the mirrors before you as the Phantom did, and leave the ugliness of your distorted soul behind and walk through to a new life. May the one who created us in His own image, open all our eyes to see the message of true beauty. How to cite Phantom of the Opera, Essay examples Phantom of the Opera Free Essays The Phantom of the Opera, directed by Joel Schumacher , is an adaptation of the Broadway musical The Phantom of the Opera, music and book by Andrew Llyod Webber. The musical The Phantom of the Opera is based on the novel by Gaston Leroux. The movie stars Gerard Butler as The Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, and Patrick Wilson as Raoul, in the leading roles. We will write a custom essay sample on Phantom of the Opera or any similar topic only for you Order Now While watching the movie, you can’t help but notice all of the spectacular sets. Each of the sets matches the time period perfectly and the details that are put into the sets is beyond mazing. The Phantoms underground lair is a great example of an exquisitely detailed set. The lights and the sets work together hand in hand to create an atmosphere of mystery and sadness. The lights depict the pre electric era when stage lighting was done with gas light. It provided a warm-looking environment. An example of this lighting would also be the Phantoms lair. While he uses an abundance of candles, those candles still create shadows in which he hides his deformity. The costumes and make up in this movie are absolutely phenomenal. They portray the extravagance of the opera performers using bright and colorful make up and huge dresses, to the simple and lightly colored white dresses that Christine wears that represents her youthful purity and innocence. Christine’s lack of makeup enhances her look of youthful innocence also. The Phantom, on the other hand, with his stark white mask, his black slicked back hair, and sweeping black cape represents the mystery of the character. The direction of this movie starts with it being well cast, especially the three main roles. The lead actors are realistically portrayed, while the characters taking part in the opera performance are more presentational. The gravelly sound of Gerard Butlers voice add s to the tragedy of his character, the Phantom. In the direction of the movie, Joel Schumacher aids with the development of his actors characters. One thing that stood out for me was when the Phantom leads Christine down to his underground lair, and all she’s looking at is him. She is memorized by the Phantoms mystery and almost starts to fall in love with him. The overall theme of this movie is love goes deeper than what is shown on the outside. When Christine pulls of the Phantoms mask for the second time, she finally sees what his deformity is. The fact that she is not disgusted and appalled by what she sees shows that she really truly loves him for who he is and not what he looks like underneath the mask. The Phantom of the Opera is by far one of the best movies I have honestly ever seen. It has such a beautiful and powerful message that I think everyone can learn something from watching the movie. How to cite Phantom of the Opera, Papers

Superannuation for Journal of Financial Economic - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSuperannuation for Journal of Financial Economic Policy. Answer: Dear Client, The aim of this letter is to inform you about the recent changes that have been made in the superannuation regulations in the latest federal budget. It is important to be aware of the changes so the changes that affects the superannuation account is provided in this letter. The recent changes in the superannuation regulations have been made more flexible. The flexibility in the regulation is likely to provide certain advantages to the self-employed and income earners of less than $40000. The new regulation has made changes in the limit on the contribution and the balance cap[1]. The new regulation provide that in case of eligible tax payer that have earnings up to $37000 will receive an additional superannuation contribution from government. This is known as low-income super tax offset and this amount should be equal to 15% of the super contribution or $500. The new regulation have made certain changes that affects the high-income earners. The new regulation has made reduction in both the after and before tax contribution limit in case of high-income earners. The high-income earners will have to pay extra tax if the income and the contribution combined exceeds the threshold limit of $250000. That means concessional contribution cap has been removed in t he new regulation for all the contributors[2]. This threshold limit previously was $300000. In the recent change, the 10% rule have been removed thus making it easier to get tax deduction for personal super contribution. The new regulation have also reduced the non-concessional contribution from $180000 to $100000 per annum. The recent changes that affects the superannuation account has been discussed above. However, if there is any further clarification required then please contact us and it will be a pleasure to provide further assistance in this regard. Thanking You Reference Brown, Christine Ann, Kevin Davis, and David Mayes. "Regulatory change in Australia and New Zealand following the global financial crisis."Journal of Financial Economic Policy7, no. 1 (2015): 8-28. Donald, Scott, Hazel Bateman, Ross Buckley, Kevin Liu, and Rob Nicholls. "Too Connected to Fail: The Regulation of Systemic Risk within Australia's Superannuation System."Journal of Financial Regulation2, no. 1 (2015): 56-78.