Why Should We Conserve Our Coral Reefs Before Its Too Late?

Cell biology &genetics - lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cell science &genetics - lab report - Essay Example The goal of this test is to watch the few phases of mitosis in an onion root cell through a light magnifying lens. Onion root tips were set up by washing in clean water at that point flushing with refined water. After this, a root tip area about 2mm in thickness was cut from the root tip utilizing a disinfected surgical blade; this was then positioned on a glass slide with a drop of refined water on it to maintain a strategic distance from lack of hydration. A while later the root tip area was them fixed in Carnoy’s liquid inside a Bijou bottle for around 10 minutes. In the wake of fixing, the segment was then moved to a Petri dish containing refined water where it was flushed for around 2 minutes. Subsequent to washing, the root tip area was then positioned inside a bijou bottle containing 1 ml of 1M HCl and brooded at about 60ï‚ °C for around 5 minutes. The substance of the cylinder were then filled a Petri dish and the root tip painstakingly chose utilizing forceps and moved into another Bijou bottle containing aceto-orcein which was then left in a dim chamber for around 10 minutes. The container was then expelled from the chamber and the root tip painstakingly evacuated utilizing forceps and put on a slide on which a drop of 45% acidic corrosive had been set, this was then secured with a spread slip. At this point the root tip area was at that point very much mellowed and recolored; the tip was then crushed by marginally tapping on the spread slip with a pencil until it was uniformly spread out under the spread slip as a pink mass. The glass slide with the root tip prepared for perception on the magnifying lens was then moved to a light magnifying instrument and saw at x400 amplification quality. Photos of the cells experiencing mitosis were then taken and drawings made of the different phases of mitosis. It was seen in the analysis that the cell division process accepted all the four phases appeared in the pictures above and that the recoloring unmistakably uncovered the highlights of all the four phases it takes for a phone

How to Clear Your Mind in 10-15 Minutes (and Regain Super-Productivity Quickly)

How to Clear Your Mind in 10-15 Minutes (and Regain Super-Productivity Quickly) The modern world is very hectic. At any one time, it seems like there are a million things to be done. Projects to be completed, hundreds of emails flooding your inbox, employees to be managed, calls to be answered, meetings, and so on. Sometimes, all these things clog your mind to the extent that you cannot do a single thing right. You become unproductive in your work. You become jumpy and highly irritable, which makes it harder for you to cooperate with others. Concentrating on your goals becomes difficult, and making the right decisions becomes even harder. You see, the human mind is just like a computer. When you run several heavy programs on your computer, you use up a lot of RAM, and as a result, the computer becomes very slow. You have to close some programs if you want the computer to become fast and responsive. Similarly, when you have a lot of things running through your mind, you use up a lot of mental RAM, which causes you to become stressed, unproductive and irritable. T o avoid this, you need to free up your mental RAM by releasing the clutter from your mind. Problem is, how do you do this when the world seems to be falling apart around you? Luckily, there are several techniques you can use to declutter your mind and restore your inner calm. In this article, we take a look at 7 ways you can use to clear your mind in 10 â€" 15 minutes. BRAIN DUMPINGMost times, we get overwhelmed not because we have a lot of things to do, but because we have millions of abstract thoughts running through our minds. A good indicator of an overwhelmed mind is when you notice your thoughts jumping all over the place. One minute you are thinking about what you will have for lunch, the next minute you are thinking about your spouse or kids, before your thoughts move on to that client you have a meeting with. With all these thoughts running through your mind, it will be difficult to concentrate on anything. You need to clear your mind of these thoughts, and this is where a brain dump comes in. A brain dump involves “dumping” everything that is going on your mind onto a paper or computer, the same way you might clear your bag by dumping its contents on your bed. The idea is to open up your mind and spill everything that passes through your mind. Below are some steps on how to do a brain dump. Find a quiet place away from disturbances before you start your brain dump. You don’t want your coworkers or kids to barge in when you are doing your brain dump, since they will distract you and make it impossible for you to focus on your thoughts.Decide on your preferred medium of brain dumping. This can either be a pen and paper, a word processor on your computer or an app on your smartphone. I prefer using a pen and paper because I feel that there is a greater connection with the mind when you are writing using your hands. You are also less likely to get distracted and end up on Facebook when you are using an analogue medium for your brain dump.Write what ever thought crosses your mind. You are not writing anything in particular, and there is no structure to your writing. Simply write whatever is on your mind at the moment. If you find yourself wondering what to write, you can start by writing “I don’t know what to write.” Write every thought that passes through you mind for the next 10 minutes. Below are some examples of some things you might write down:I need to take a vacation at the end of this month.Client X is stressing me.I love my kids. I need to get my website completed.I will make a sausage casserole for dinner tonight.As you can see from the above examples, you don’t have to write about anything in particular. Simply write until you release the tension inside your mind. Brain dumping works because it helps you transform abstract thoughts into something real. When a million things are running through your head, it becomes impossible to pin down the source of your stress. However, once you write down your thoughts, y ou can look at each thought in isolation and nail down whatever is troubling you. Instead of being troubled by half-formed ideas, you know what exactly is troubling you and can come up with concrete ways of dealing with it. Once you are done writing your brain dump, there are a few steps you can take to make it more effective. You might opt to go through your thoughts, identify anything that is troubling you and then come up with a course of action on how you will solve the problem. For instance, if your source of stress is the client that has been troubling you, you might decide to stop working with the said client. Alternatively, you might choose to do nothing after dumping your brain. The very act of writing down your thoughts is enough to clear your mind and reduce any stress you might be experiencing. MEDITATEMeditation has often been touted as a great way of calming yourself and clearing your thoughts, and this is because it works. Meditation is a practice that can help you to quickly regain your focus whenever you are feeling overwhelmed. According to this study, meditation helps clear your mind and enhances your ability to focus. A 10 â€" 15 minute meditation session will leave you feeling calm, collected, refreshed and stress-free. The best part is that anyone can practice meditation, regardless of your age, religious beliefs and so on. Below are the steps you need to follow to clear your mind using meditation.Find a quiet place to meditate. You don’t want any distractions once you start meditating. If you are at home, go to a quiet room where you won’t be disturbed and draw the curtains to avoid being distracted by light from outside. If you are in the office, pull the blinds and close the door to avoid disturbances from colleagues. Sit in a comfortable position and close your eyes. Sit for about 30 seconds without doing anything. Try not to think of anything.Focus on your breathing. Breathe in and out through your nose, and try to make each brea th as drawn out as possible. Concentrate on the feeling of the air going through your nose and into to your lungs, as well as the feeling of air going from your lungs as your exhale. Continue breathing in and out slowly and deeply, but this time, visualize a calm, serene place in nature, such as a lake, a beach or a forest. Do this for a couple minutes until you start feeling the calmness of the place you are visualizing surrounding you.Once again, return your focus to your breathing for a minute or two.Finally, open your eyes. You can close off your meditation session by listening to some relaxing music before going back to your work.Such a meditation session is enough to clear your mind and relieve stress, enabling you to refocus on your work with renewed vigor. GO TO A SERENE PLACE IN NATUREAnother great way of clearing your mind is to spend a few minutes in the serenity of nature. This doesn’t have to be any particular place. It could be under a tree near your home, on a bench in a public park, in a garden or in the woods near your home. Going to a calm place in nature does a number of things that help you to clear your mind. First of all, being in nature revives your vital senses and enhances your mental power, which in turn makes you more productive. Second, by going outside to get some sunshine and fresh air, you get a change from the environment that has been causing you stress. For instance, if you were feeling overwhelmed at work and decide to walk in the park for a few minutes, you get away from your computer and the tons of emails that you have to reply to and act upon, allowing your mind to relax. While many know that spending time nature helps you reduce stress and achieve mental clarity, there is even scientific evidence to back it up. A study conducted on more than 1500 people found that people who took walks in nature experienced a better sense of wellbeing and lower levels of stress compared to those who did not take walks in nature. Yet an other study found that spending time outdoors improves a person’s physical and mental energy. Therefore, the next time you find yourself feeling overwhelmed, go outside and spend about some time in the calmness of nature.  GET PHYSICALLY ACTIVEGetting physically active is another great way of clearing the mental clutter and relaxing your mind. Getting physically active doesn’t mean that you have to hit the gym (though it also helps). Getting active can be something as simple as going for a walk, run, or bike ride. Picture the last time you exercised. Were you thinking about the million things you had to do after you were done exercising? Probably not. Instead, your mind was focused on the activity at hand. Exercising helps you get your focus off any stressors that might be troubling you and allows your mind to take a rest, thus enhancing your overall cognitive functions. Apart from taking your mind off whatever might be stressing you, doing a physical activity also triggers the release of endorphins, which results in a feeling of happiness. Exercising also increases the levels of norepinephrine, a hormone that helps your brain to respond better to stressful situations. Finally, physical activity stimulates the flow of blood to our brain, allowing you to regain focus and clarity. Next time you feel like your mind is about to explode, do some physical activity for 10 â€" 15 minutes. This could be running around the block, going for a walk around the park, performing a few minutes of cardio or simply riding your bicycle. LISTEN TO MUSICWhen Friedrich Nietzsche said that “without music, life would be a mistake,” it turns out he was onto something. Not only is music good for keeping you entertained, but it also helps us relax and clear our minds. However, this depends on the kind of music you are listening to. The best music to help you clear your mind is slow, quiet classical music. Listening to such music lowers your blood pressure, slows down your heart rate and reduces the levels of stress hormones in your body. It soothes you, allowing you to let go of stressors that might be troubling you. Listening to music also takes your attention away from the myriad of issues that might be running through your mind. There are various studies showing the importance of music and how it can help you clear your mind. According to this research, music is uniquely linked to our emotions and is therefore a great tool for stress management. Another research by Stanford University found that listening to music can have the same effects on the brain as meditation. Therefore, whenever you find yourself feeling overwhelmed, taking a break from whatever you were doing, grabbing your headphones and listening to some music for a few minutes might be what you need to clear your mind. For maximum effect, it is best to listen to music that doesn’t have any lyrics. However, if such music makes you feel like sleeping, go for some slow, soothing music. DECLUT TER YOUR PERSONAL SPACESometimes, the source of overwhelming feelings is not as a result of the clutter in your mind, but rather because of the clutter around your personal space. Things like documents scattered all over your desk, unanswered emails, a mountain of utensils in the kitchen sink, two dozen tabs open on your browser, a pile of clothes you never wear, and so on. The problem is that many of us are not aware that a cluttered personal space has an effect on how we feel. A messy personal space makes us feel overwhelmed and helpless and contributes to the stress we experience in life. With a cluttered personal space, our mind is constantly bombarded with excessive stimuli, which means we are expending some of our mental RAM on stimuli that is not important. In other words, clutter draws our attention from the things that we should be focused on. With a cluttered personal space, it becomes impossible for our minds to relax. The clutter is a signal to our brain that we still ha ve a lot to do. This causes stress because it seems like we have a lot to do and no time to do it. Finally, clutter makes it harder for us to perform the tasks we need to because we have to sort through the clutter in order to find what we want.While most people do not understand the effect of clutter on how we feel, the good thing is that this is one of the easiest things to solve in order to achieve clarity of mind. Next time you feel stressed because your mind is full of multiple things fighting for your attention, take a step back and check whether the mental clutter is a result of the physical clutter around you. Are things properly arranged on your desk? Did you forget to take the plates to the kitchen after your meal? Do you have 20 tabs open on your browser even when you only need three? Clearing some of this clutter will only take you a few minutes, yet it can give a better clarity of mind. PRACTICE PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATIONProgressive muscle relaxation is a technique t hat helps you to let go of stress and anxiety by releasing the tension from different muscles within the body. The process of relaxing these different muscles also helps to clear your mind since it takes your focus away from the myriad of thoughts running through you mind and directs it to your body. In addition, progressive muscle relaxation also helps you boost your mental health and enhances your physical performance. It also has several other benefits, such as enhancing your blood flow and boosting your metabolism. Below is a step by step guide on how to perform progressive muscle relaxation.Find a quiet place where you will not be disturbed. Progressive muscle relaxation is best done lying down and stretched out comfortably, so this place should be somewhere you can lie down, such as your bedroom. However, if you are at work where you don’t have any place to lie down, you can still practice progressive muscle engagement while seated. The most important thing is to ensure that you will be comfortable.Set aside 15 minutes where you know you will not be disturbed. Setting an alarm is a good idea, because sometimes you might end up falling asleep, especially if you are lying down. Setting an alarm also allows you to let yourself go and relax more completely, since you know that the alarm will keep you from losing track of time. Remove your shoes, loosen your clothing and make yourself comfortable. If you are in a place where you can lie down, do it and stretch yourself out. Ensure your legs are uncrossed and your arms unfolded to ensure proper blood circulation. Spend a minute breathing in and out. Make your breaths slow and deep. This will help make your body generally relaxed before you move to individual muscles. Once you are ready to start, focus on your face. Breathe in and tense the different muscles on your face and scalp and hold for about 5 â€" 10 seconds. Then exhale slowly and release the contraction until your facial muscles are fully relaxed. R elax for a few more seconds before moving on to the next step. You will need to relax for 5 â€" 10 seconds every time before moving on to the next muscle group. Move on to the muscles on your neck and shoulders. Once again, take a deep breath, contract the muscles and hold for 5 â€" 10 seconds. Exhale slowly and release the contraction until the muscles are fully relaxed. Since this area holds a lot of tension, you might repeat this step twice or thrice until the area feels completely relaxed.Continue doing the same for other muscle groups, working your way downwards. Some of the muscle groups you should focus on include the right and left arm, the right and left forearm and fist, the chest, the abdomen, the back, the hips and buttocks, the right and left thigh, the right and left calf, and finally the right and left foot. Once you are done with all the muscle groups, give yourself another minute to enjoy the relaxation while you inhale and exhale slowly and deeply.Finally, with you r eyes still closed, count from one to ten as you bring back your awareness to the present moment. This is an exercise you can do in ten to fifteen minutes, yet it is a very powerful technique for clearing your mind and relaxing your body. The best part is that this is something you can do regardless of where you are. You can do at home, in the office, or even in your car at a parking lot. WRAPPING UPModern day life is fast paced and full of things that need to be done, and it is therefore inevitable that sometimes you will feel like your head is about to explode due to the many things that you have to keep track of. However, this does not mean that you should allow this to make your grumpy and unproductive. With the 7 techniques discussed in this article, you can easily clear your mind and restore your energy in less than 15 minutes. Some techniques such as meditation, brain dumping, and progressive muscle relaxation might need some practice before you get used to them, so do not g ive up if you don’t see any results after the first try.

Using Para in Spanish With an Infinitive

See how para is used twice in this selection. First paragraph of a news story: 349 euros. No hay un smartphone similar por ese precio. Para encontrar algo de tal calidad hay que pagar 300 euros mà ¡s. Es el nuevo smartphone de Google, que fabrica la surcoreana LG, y que, para ahorrar costes en intermediarios, solo se vende en la tienda de internet Google Play y sin planes de operadoras de por medio. Se llama Nexus 5. Source: Spanish newspaper El Paà ­s, dateline Nov. 1, 2013. Suggested translation: 349 euros. There is not one similar smartphone for that price. To find something of such quality it is necessary to pay 300 euros more. Its the brand-new Google smartphone, manufactured by South Korean LG. To save on middleman costs, it is sold only at the Google Play Internet store and not through phone carriers plans. It is called the Nexus 5. Key Grammatical Issue The preposition para is usually used to indicate purpose. When followed by an infinitive, as it is here both times, para often means in order to. However, in English, in order, when it precedes the to form of the verb, can almost always be omitted without any change in meaning. In this selection, para encontrar could have been translated as in order to find, and para ahorrar could have been translated as in order to save. This translation, in the interests of brevity, left out both cases of in order because it is implied in English. When translating to Spanish, however, the para is not optional. To say I eat to live, for example, you would use Como para vivir. Como vivir simply would make no sense. Here are brief examples of this phenomenon: Tomà ³ una pastilla para dormirse. He took a pill (in order) to fall asleep.Necesito un tenedor para comer. I need a fork (in order) to eat.Para estudiar vamos a la biblioteca. (In order) to study, we are going to the library.Estamos listos para salir. We are ready (in order) to leave. In some contexts, although not here, para infinitive can better be translated as for -ing verb form. For example, Es un libro para leer could be translated as It is a book for reading. Other Notes on Vocabulary and Grammar Smartphone was italicized in the original, indicating that it is viewed as a foreign or unusual word rather than standard Spanish. Such a device is also known as a telà ©fono inteligente, although smartphone (pronounced much as in English) is quite common.Hay is the typical way of saying there is or there are. However, the phrase hay que usually means it is necessary to or it is necessary that. Hay is a form of the verb haber.The preposition por is usually used when saying that something is sold for a certain price.Ese is a demonstrative adjective usually meaning that.Tal followed by a noun is a common way of saying such or this kind of.Que fabrica la surcoreana LG is an example of an inverted word order. Fabrica, a conjugated form of fabricar (to manufacture), is the verb for subject LG. The translation used manufactured by the South Korean LG rather than the literal which the South Korean LG manufactures because the former sounded more natural.The long sentence beginning with Es e l nuevo has been divided into two sentences in the translation because a single sentence in English here would have been cumbersome.Nuevo means new. By placing it before the noun, smartphone, the writer gave nuevo extra emphasis, which brand-new also does.In traditional Spanish, solo would have been spelled with an orthographic accent: sà ³lo. Under modern rules, however, the accent is optional.Se vende is an example of a reflexive verb.Internet can be written correctly in Spanish with or without the initial letter capitalized.Sin is the preposition for without.De por medio is a phrase that usually means in between. The emphasis here, which does not come across as strongly in the translation, is that the phone carriers charges, if the phones were sold by them, would come in between Google and the customer, thus increasing the costs.Although dictionaries dont list operadora as having a different meaning than operador except when it applies to a female operator (that is, a female who operates something), it appears to be fairly common to refer to a telephone company using the feminine noun operadora rather than the masculine form used for many other types of businesses. The longer-term operador de telefonà ­a is also sometimes used.Llamarse is usually used when telling what something or someone is named.

The Data Analysis For Business Continuity And Disaster...

The data analysis for business continuity and disaster recovery is divided into three parts. All the three parts strive to properly examine and answer the research questions in a well-structured and organized manner. The data which was analyzed from various reliable sources, such as white papers, leading companies and BCP service providers, and also survey reports on business continuity and disaster recovery will help in exploring the research questions and provide proper guidelines for employees and make them prepared for any unexpected event/disaster. Step 1: Answering Research Question 1 What are the best practices for effectively implementing BUSINESS CONTINUITY and DISASTER RECOVERY Plan. Research for this question will be done by reviewing the data which was gathered from many different sources focused on business continuity and disaster recovery plans. Sources from where the information is gathered will be chosen based on the credibility of the website/journal. First, how lack of bcp and drp can negatively impact the organization will be explained and also a graph which includes an effective business continuity process plan which each and every organization must follow. Later, three phases are created through which we can effectively implement bcp and drp and the phases will be created by using the data from studies which were gathered from Google search engine and also from the Ferris State library. Table 1: Most effective search keywords at reducing results. 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English Essay Free Essays

People who ultimate while doing their homework are restricting their critical thinking cap abilities. Students who multicast while doing homework are more likely to see grade drops, and they tend to participate less in class discussions. Because multitasking is inefficient, student TTS should separate homework with other activities unrelated to their assignments. We will write a custom essay sample on English Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Multitasking d isn’t work and when you’re done with homework then it may be time for other activities you want to concur. Multitasking affects learning as performance degrades and time is lost with eve ere task that is multitasking. All activities performances’ are affected if multitasking. Multitasking and driving is very popular amongst adults and teens. Drivers SE me pretty comfortable chatting on their cell phones while navigating the streets. But bra in researchers say it’s a terrible idea, even with a handshake device. When using a handshake dive CE, scientists have found that talking on the phone distracts us to the point where we devote less s brain power to focusing on the road. If you’re driving while challenging, then your performance CE is going to be as poor as if you were legally drunk. Driving requires a surprising amount of b rain power. Out on the road, we have to process huge amounts of visual information, predict the actions of other drivers and coordinate precise movements Of our hands and feet. It can be do en, but proceed at your own risk. Multitasking and homework may seem like a bad combination, but it helps you u out in ways. Multitasking while doing your homework gives you something to do who en you get stuck, then you may come back to your problem with a fresh perspective. Multitasking Eng also can help you find help, if you’re stuck on something you can surf the web and find a so race that may get you to your answer. How to cite English Essay, Essays English Essay Free Essays Distinctive voices are created for different purposes. How is this shown in you prescribed text and at least one other text of your own choosing? NOTE: I ONLY DID TLACOHL AND THE ROAD NOT TAKEN Distinctive voices are created for different purposes in order to portray many varied messages to the reader. Distinctive voices are conveyed through texts in the exploration of human experiences, composers convey their ideas and shape meaning through language, relationships and characteristics of voices which are communicated through various texts. We will write a custom essay sample on English Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The interpretation of different voices can be identified in The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender by Marele Day and The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost. In the crime fiction based novel The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender, Day creates many distinctive voices through her use of language and characters. The hard-talking female private investigator, Claudia Valentine; the poetically spoken underworld figure Harry Lavender and the majestic, yet volatile personified city of Sydney, which forms the main voices of the novel. These characters stand out through Days manipulation of language and structure to create particular meaning, including: tone, allusion and first-person narrative. In the early 20th century poem The Road Not Taken, Frost creates a distinctive voice through the use of language which portrays the importance of taking the right path in life. The author ultimately conveys many different messages and emotions which include a sense of regret, with a slight relief of triumph, through the use of first person narrative, tone and allusion. In the novel The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender, a sarcastic voice of Claudia allows Day to bring the reader attention to her concern about the impact that development has on Sydney. Claudia describes Darling Harbour as a place â€Å"where buildings with the eyes gouged out had been demolished to make way for ‘development’, for the mean of power to build monoliths to themselves†. The personification of the original buildings creates sympathy in the responder for history and the sarcastic tone suggests men are ruthless in their pursuit of power. The use of both tone and personification portray two different meanings to the reader via the distinctive voice of Claudia. In Frost’s poem The Road Not Taken, the author recites the poem in a dull and poetic tone which draws the listener or reader in his journey of which road to take in life. The poetic tone reflects the author’s pain and regret for taking a road which appeared to be more appealing, but was rather a facade. The poetic tone is seen throughout the whole poem: â€Å"TWO roads diverged†¦ And that has made all the difference†. The poetic tone throughout the poem gives the reader a sense of empathy for the author, which further unifies the connection between the reader and the author. In both texts, the use of tone channels many different messages which influence the reader. These messages create a variety of messages which includes a sense of empathy and sympathy, and presents the sheer emotion and thoughts of many characters. In Days novel, The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender, Day includes allusions to Australian culture in her narrative to familiarise her audience with the novel’s setting, but also to create a identification in her Australian readers. This is evident when Claudia refers to her school friend Marilyn as lacking â€Å"the Colgate ring of confidence†, alluding to the most famous toothpaste in Australia. Another example, is when Harry Lavender uses allusions in his interludes in the narrative of Claudia Valentine. His allusion to ‘The Last Post’ in his first interlude creates a distinctly Australian voice for Lavender. In his recount of his dream funeral he tells the reader that â€Å"They will remember me. At the going down of the city’s son and the mourning they will remember†. The pun on the words son/sun and mourning/morning would be considered by many Australian readers as a travesty, cementing Lavender as an antagonist. Thus use of allusion in this fiction novel helps Australian readers better understand ideas and form relationships with character. In the text, The Road Not Taken, Frost uses allusions to communicate the subjective emotions experienced whilst deciding which road to take in life which will ultimately change the outcome of life. An example of an allusion includes â€Å"I took the one less travelled by, and that has made all the difference†, which is commonly used to describe the thought process of taking the easiest path in life. However, this allusion, together with the voice of the author leaves the reader open in deciding if the author feels a sense of triumph or regret. In both texts, the use of allusions can be perceived in many different ways which helps the reader judge a character and thus influencing the reader. Another language technique expressed in The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender, is the use of first-person narrative. Day uses first-person narrative. Day uses first-person narrative to slowly reveal the character of Claudia Valentine. It is through the voice of Claudia that the reader actually learns about her and her job. From her first assessment of herself the responder is aware that she is any unconventional female narrator: â€Å"As long as I didn’t start haemorrhaging from the eyes things would be all right†. This shows through the use of first person narrative, the reader can build a relationship with characters, in particularly Claudia as it explores her clinical thoughts and emotions. First- person narrative is also evident in the poem The Road Not Taken. The use of this language technique draws the reader into the same journey as the poet. As a result, the reader understands the conflicting emotions involved in deciding which path to take which includes turmoil, regret and a glimpse of triumph. In both texts, the use of first-person narrative allows the reader to build a relationship with the character. This relationship can thereby allow the reader to be one with the character and share his/her emotions. To conclude, both texts, The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender and The Road Not Taken, distinctive voices are presented for different purposes through the use of various language techniques such as allusion, tone, and first-person narrative. These language techniques help convey different messages which help shape meaning and build relationships and connection between the characters and the reader. How to cite English Essay, Essay examples

Virtual War Essays - Billy Corgan, Glendale Heights, Illinois, Eye

Virtual War Virtual War by Gloria Skurzynski, who lives in Salt Lake City, was copyright February 1999. It is a book of the science fiction genre. It is based in the future around 2053. By now the earth's population is only around 2 million because of disease, chemical and nuclear war-fare have made much of the planet unsuitable for living. Now city's people live in huge bubbles for ozone and toxin protection. They no longer fight wars. There are too few people. They instead wage virtual wars where a team of three of their finest fight for them. (They are now fighting for an island that has recently became safe for inhabitancy, Havi.) The main character, Corgan is a boy. He is only 14 years old and has lived in a "aerogel" box for all his life. The world he knows is all holographic. He was genetically made for one purpose, the virtual war. Corgan has acquired the traits of Loyalty, Honorability, and Trustworthiness from the box. He has genetically superior traits of coordination and quickness. He is to be the team leader. He does not know much of the outside world, except for what "Mendor teaches him." Corgan's box provided him with everything he needed. A program was written to act as a mother and father to him, called the Mendor. It mended back and forth as parents depending on the situation. His team was of great excellence. The two chosen to be on his team are much different than he, however their roots are very similar. Sharla, he finds out, is to be his code breaker. She was from the same batch of babies as he was. She had golden blonde hair, and blue eyes. Corgan felt embarrassed but he liked her. She was unruly however, and escaped from her box many times as a result of being a code breaker. She was experienced and knew of the outside world first hand. She did not care for nobility and Honor like Corgan, she just wanted it over with. His other teammate was a genetic experiment gone wrong. He was a mutant with a huge head and a small frail body. He was regarded as useless until they discovered his brilliance. It wasn't until that time they took him from the "aerogel" and put him in his own chamber. He was to become the strategist. Because of his size and history, he came off as a rude, cry baby. He was younger than Sharla and Corgan being only 10. However, he talked like a old man. They trained together and it seemed victory eminent. Corgan asked before the war if they could live on the island when they win. The council, who controls their city state, agrees and after the 9 hours of battle, they become victorious. Afterward, they are celebrated as heroes. After the war they are to go to a Reception. At the Reception, Corgan finds out that people placed bets on the event, like it was a game. It was more than a game it was a realistic recreation to show people mistakes of the past. The virtual war was held so people realized what man was like and how he had to learn from his lessons. The people had learned nothing I would not recommend this book. It had a simple plot and lame characters with simple logic it was like recalling old goosebumps books. Perhaps it would be a good book, however for your little bother or anyone you dislike.

Maxwell essays

Maxwell essays Maxwell was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, on May 23 1973. His mother is of Puerto Rican descent and his father was West Indian. Sadly, his father died in a plane crash when Maxwell was just 3 years old. He adopted his middle name as his stage moniker, (Maxwell) keeping his real identity a closely guarded secret out of concern for his family's privacy. Growing up Maxwell spent much of his youth alone, since he found it difficult mixing with children in his own neighborhood. His fellow classmates nicknamed him 'Maxwell House Coffee' and often referred to him as "the quiet nerd who sat at the back of the classroom". It was not until music entered Maxwell's life that he began to feel more comfortable with himself, and who he was. A friend of his gave him a keyboard to borrow at the age of 16, and he applied his own tutelage by locking himself in his bedroom where he'd practice for hours at a time. In order to support himself through studies and extend his collection of musical instruments, Maxwell held down 2 jobs - one in a movie theatre and the other working as a waiter. It was whilst working as a waiter that Maxwell learnt to develop his social skills, improving significantly in the essence of 'people communication' and interacting with others on a more personal level. Having slowly developed a 4-track studio, Maxwell purchased numerous other instruments and went on to become a self-taught musician. He was primarily a musician to begin with, but became a singer later, since he didn't know anyone else who could sing. At the age of 19, Maxwell had recorded several demos' that had gained a lot of interest from the press and public alike. Initially influenced by early-'80s urban R ...

Gallium Spoon Tricks

Gallium Spoon Tricks Gallium is a shiny metal with one property in particular that makes it perfect for science tricks. This element melts just above room temperature (around 30Â °C or 86Â °F), so you can melt it in the palm of your hand, between your fingers, or in a cup of hot water. A classic set-up for gallium tricks is to make or purchase a spoon made from pure gallium. The metal has about the same weight and appearance as stainless steel, plus once you melt the spoon, you can reshape the gallium to use it again and again. Gallium Spoon Materials You need either gallium and a spoon mold or else a gallium spoon. Its a bit more expensive, but if you get the mold, you can make a spoon over and over. Otherwise, youll need to mold the metal by hand to re-use it as a spoon. The Mind-Bending Gallium Spoon Trick This is a classic magician trick in which the trickster rests a gallium spoon on a finger or else rubs it between two fingers, appears to concentrate, and bends the spoon with the power of his mind. Youve got a couple of ways to pull off this trick: Rest the spoon on a finger that you warmed up right before the trick. Easy ways to warm your hand are to hold a cup of hot tea or coffee or simply put your hand under your armpit briefly.Rub a section of the spoon between two fingers. Friction generates heat, which will soften the spoon. The weight of the spoon will cause it to bend. The Disappearing Spoon Trick If you stir a warm or hot cup of liquid with a gallium spoon, the metal melts almost immediately. The spoon disappears into a cup of dark liquid or pools visibly at the bottom of a cup of clear liquid. It behaves much like mercury (a metal that is liquid at room temperature), but gallium is safe to handle. I dont recommend drinking the liquid, though. Gallium isnt particularly toxic, but its not edible.

Workable methodology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workable methodology - Research Proposal Example After data collection, editing, coding of similar themes, classification and tabulation of the data will be essential for efficient analysis. Descriptive and inferential analysis will be employed to measure and determine the relationship that exists among the variables. The researcher will also observe on research ethics by ensuring that the anonymity of respondents will be observed (Gregory, 2003). Cross-sectional survey design is concerned with relationships that exist, options that are held, and the processes to be taken. In this regard, the current phenomena will be well articulated upon by this design. Arguably, the current situation of the trend of women offenders is alarming and needs to be looked at with caution. For example, the study will try to focus on variables that contribute to women offenders. Equally, the design will also hypothesis on the possibility of reducing recidivism for women offenders by adopting prelease and reentry programs. The cross section of respondents will be selected to represent women offenders and service providers from several correction centers under the Alabama Department of Corrections. The study will use random sampling method in a bid to select correction centers under the Alabama Department of Corrections and purposive sampling will be used to select appropriate respondents from both the current women offenders and former incarcerated women. In collecting data, the study will utilize questionnaires in obtaining information from officers in the correction centers. This is crucial in that it will help to obtain wide range of information from the correction staff, and within the shortest time (Bryman & Bell, 2003). On the side of obtaining information from current and former women offenders, the study will use interview guide to obtain information about their experiences during their time in prison. Validity and reliability of the

Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies Essay - 1

Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies - Essay Example Apple had started a program in 2011 that would track whether their suppliers are abiding by the rules set. The suppliers are supposed to inform the authorities in advance when they would need extra working hours in order to meet the production requirements (Apple, 2014). Then again, there have been instances where Apple’s claim of 95% compliance with the 60 hour work week has been found to be false. There are suppliers who still exploit the workers by requiring them to sign overtime work documents on the first day of their training program as part of the contract. Such behavior forces them to comply with the clause of voluntary overtime. The concept of â€Å"Unusual circumstance† is a major loophole in the policy structure as it does not specify nature of the circumstance and leaves the same to the discretion of suppliers. Moreover, the Chinese Labor Law mandates a 48 hours’ work week. Thus, Apple is clearly not complying with the Chinese regulation while conducting business therein (Klein, 2011). Apple has also stated in its policies that the company believes in providing students with quality internship opportunities, but often the vocational schools fail to offer the students their appropriate internship programs. In order to correct the same, Apple had partnered with Stanford University’s Rural Education Action Program (REAP) and Dell Inc for encouraging suppliers to match interns with appropriate work. This process will help the students receive quality education as well as facilitate proper accountability for the vocational schools, thereby leading to proper evaluation of the internship and education program. 2. Some of Apple’s major suppliers have previously been found to violate rules, which had subsequently led to the tarnishing of Apple’s reputation. Two of Apple’s major suppliers, namely Foxconn Technology and Pegatron, are perfect examples related to such a

Natural Indicators :: essays research papers

Natural Indicators Each year millions of tourists travel to the woods of New England, upstate New York, Wisconsin, and Canada to witness the appearance of brilliant autumn colors. Sugar maples, red oaks, sumac, birch and other trees and shrubs turn from green to bright red, orange, and yellow. The short, cool days of autumn bring an end to the production of chlorophyll (the green light-gathering pigment). As chlorophyll gradually breaks down, the colors of the more stable carotenoid (yellow/orange) and anthocyanin (red/blue/purple) pigments become visible. Some years the leaves of a particular species are bright yellow, while other years they may appear redder or even purple. Although no one can accurately predict the timing or coloration of each year's show, we do know that there is a chemical basis for it. Anthocyanins (Figure I) are responsible not only for the red and purplish colors of autumn, but also for similar colors in various summer leaves (red cabbage, red lettuce, red plum tree), flowers (roses, hydrangeas, geraniums, bachelor buttons, dark pansies), fruit (cherries, red apples, grapes, tomato, blackberry, blueberry, plum), roots (beets, radishes), bulbs (red onions), and petioles (rhubarb). Anthocyanins are water-soluble and are dissolved in the cell sap rather than bound to the membranes as chlorophyll is. If cell sap in a leaf is very acidic, then anthocyanins make the leaves a bright red color, but if it is less acidic the color may appear purple. The color of anthocyanin depends on acidity, and thus it may serve as a pH (acid/base) indicator (Figure II). pH is a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of solutions. Numerically, the pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration. If the pH is less than 7 the solution is acidic, if it is greater than 7 the solution is basic, and if it is 7 the solution is neutral. The higher the pH, the more basic the solution, and the lower the pH, the more acidic the solution. Figure II illustrates the relationship between color and pH for anthocyanin pigments extracted from red cabbage or other sources. Since anthocyanins are found in all of the above named organic materials, they are all very useful natural indicators. Natural indicators are better for detecting acids and bases than man made indicators. This experiment utilizes red cabbage juice, red onion juice, blueberry juice, phenolphthalein, bromythol blue, and universal indicator for the indicators and for the acids and bases, uses .

High School Reunions Essay

An observation of a high school re-union was followed by an interview with two of the people attending for this ethnography. The two attendees used for the interview were one male and one female. After identifying some of the possible rationales regarding the culture of the reunion in the observation, the interview was conducted on the basis of the rationales. This was then analysed and compared to some of the findings from cultural research and theory before a conclusion of sorts was made. Observation The group environment and context for the observation was that of the Aliso Niguel High School Class Reunion, Class of 1999. The High School is located in Aliso Niguel CA. The reunion being observed took place in Irvine, CA. There were approximately 300 people present. The general patterns of behaviours amongst the people consisted of lots of mingling and idle chat. Some of the people were notably more reserved than others. It seemed as though the single people were working harder to start conversation and were far more approachable. In contrast, couples didn’t seem to portray the same type of inviting body language when on their own, but became more confident when with a spouse or friend. Approximately, 80% of the attendees held drinks in their hand as a norm and there were also presents and cards being exchanged from the outset. From overhearing the participant’s conversation it seemed as though many of them still lived in the Southern California area and this became a main source of conversation throughout. The interaction was generally based upon excitement, smiling and heightened voices at notably louder than normal volume. With regards to dress codes, there didn’t seem to be much evidence of diversity. This was particularly notable in the case of the females. The majority of them had light hair past their shoulders and the clothing style that was adopted by the attendees was strikingly similar. There were very few obese or overweight people that attended. These people perhaps did not attend as failed invites were not taken. There were clear indications of sub-groups at the gathering, although they seemed to carry conversation with the rest of the attendees in accordance with the larger group. Amongst the males there were indications of many stereotypes such as â€Å"meat head† or â€Å"gym jocks†, as I overheard one female state. Although as many of these people are now approx. 27-30 years old, it was harder to categorize them in such terms. There did seem to be a stronger merge between coupled groups and singled groups rather than any cross over. There appeared to be a symbol of people trying to meet a certain criteria throughout. For instance, there was a group of approximately 15 females. I overheard that all of them got married within the last 2 years and many of them either attended and/or where present at each other’s wedding. This could be indicative of a desire to follow patterns and trends in behaviour as though as everyone else is getting married then so must they, so that they aren’t left behind. Contrastingly, the males seemed to compare status in relation to possessions, such as career, cars, and houses paying particular attention to the location of the houses. There appeared to be a great deal of stereotypical role playing. This was perhaps due to the situation and the fact that earlier identities were known by other attendees. Expectation of success may have accentuated the desire for the attendees to exaggerate their status so as to appear successful. I felt that many of the attendees really liked re-living the past. They may have either really enjoyed their high school years, or were very curious as to what their classmates were doing now. However, this could also be a test of identity or serve as a self measuring experience on the basis of their peer’s behaviours and successes. Interviews The questions that I asked were qualitative, semi structured and thematic in nature focusing mainly upon stereotypes and reasoning. This was to see if the thoughts of the interviewees compared with what seemed apparent about the culture of the re-union gathered from the observation. That is to say, was this something of a self regulation exercise for the attendees or was it an exercise in cultural normality? On being asked for their reasoning in relation to the re-union, the male interviewee stated that: ‘No one takes it seriously. Certainly not me. ’ The second female interviewee stated in relation to the same question that: ‘You kinda get to know everyone personally again‘. These responses suggested two different rationales. In the case of the male, it appeared as though the reunion was something of a casual affair that could turn out to be fun as long as it wasn’t taken seriously or that anything was invested in the occasion. Whereas the female’s response indicated that there was a personal form of intimate gratification involved in seeing other people again. The latter response would suggest that there is some form of self regulation going on in relation to peers (Devine, 1989). Whether this was merely for the purposes of satisfying interest or to measure oneself against the progress of other peers was less clear (Tajfel, 1982). On being given and questioned about some of the stereotypes of others observed at the re-union, the male interviewee stated that: ‘The stereotypes you have mentioned are generally applied to people you haven’t interacted with. They’re based upon ignorance. They go away once you get talking’ This indicates a difference between known and unknown people, which is common in western individualistic society (Hofstede, 2001). It appeared that the male attendee was not willing to accept or perhaps did not realise the significance of stereotypical role playing and instead took everyone at face value once a conversation took place with another. This rejection of stereotypes was also found in the response of the female attendee who stated that: ‘I don‘t really know, I always talk to people at parties and they always seem friendly, bar one or two. Is that a stereotype? †¦ha ha! ’ This raised some interesting points. For instance, although the attendee may well have pre-conceived notions about certain stereotypes, the individuals may have felt that they were the only people that perceived them in that way (Devine, 1989). Due to the experience of the situation that reinforced certain social norms, this stereotype may diminish or grow regardless of the former social group. This was put forward by Gudykunst, who suggested that, â€Å"Some of our stereotypes are unique and based on our individual experiences, but some are shared with other members of our in-groups. The stereotypes we share with others are our social stereotypes. We may know what the social stereotype of a group is, but still hold a different view of the group. † (Gudykunst, 1997, p127) On asking about what they felt they had gained from the experience of the re-union and what others may have also gained, the male attendee stated that: ‘I found out all the different directions that people have taken. It’s not just about getting married, buying a house and having kids. Most people have branched right out since then’ The second female attendee stated in relation to the same question that: ‘I feel good that everyone seems to be doing so well. Everyone’s the same, but do their thing differently, if you know what I mean’ The notion of difference was clear in the responses of the interviewees. It would appear that although the roles and social norms were fairly similar and the content of the conversations were uniformly based upon success, the overview was based upon everyone’s success and happiness maintained through a degree of different life styles. This was again perhaps unsurprising given the individuality that is so common to western cultures (Hofstede, 2001). The emphasis on success and progression was also unsurprising for similar reasons. However, the amount of actual difference that was displayed at the re-union in terms of dress code and normative behaviour could be seen in contradiction of this difference (Tajfel, 1982). It would appear that such difference was only referred to in conversation rather than in actual behaviour. It would appear that sub-cultures were compromised at the re-union and stereotypes were overlooked as long as the attendees followed the correct social norms whilst at the re-union. Bibliography Devine, P, G. , (1989) Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18. Gudykunst, W. , & Bond, M, H. , (1997) Inter-group Relations Across Cultures. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds. ) Handbook of cross-cultural Psychology: Social Behaviour and Applications, 3, 119-161. Hofstede, G. (2001) Culture’s Consequences, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Tajfel, H. , (Ed. ) (1982) Social Identity and Inter-group Relations London: Cambridge University Press.

Future Trading And Spot Market Volatility Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2562 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This study investigates the effect of the future trading activities trading volume : proxy of future liquidity on spot price volatility for crude palm oil by using GARCH model specifications. Specificlly, it examine whether the increase or decrease volatility level of spot price for crude palm oil affected by future market trading. In addition, it also show that volatility spot market in crude palm oil future is different from other spot market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Future Trading And Spot Market Volatility Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The study of this research covers the period from 31 October 2006 until 31 October 2010. The expected result is the research will find that crude palm oil future trading is tend to drive spot market volatility. Generally believe that the existing of hedgers and speculators tends to drive spot market volatility and possible speculative trading in futures market may have destabilised spot prices of underlying commodities. INTRODUCTION Palm oil is extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree. The palm fruits yeilds both palm oil and palm kernel oil. Palm oil is extracted from the pulp of the fruit and is an edible oil used in food. It is the world biggest vegetable oil crop, which is 22% of the worlds oil compared to soybean oil. Malaysia is the worlds second largest crude palm oil producer and exporter and the first leading in the world is Indonesia. Over 90% of the worlds palm oil exports are produced in Malaysia and Indonesia. As we know, palm oil has been used in most daily product such us frying and cooking oil, cookies, butter, soap and many more, however, nowadays, they already found new technology in non food used for palm oil such as biodiesel and it being expected be a increasingly demand in palm oil. Futures market are developed as a means to accommodate the volatility of commodities prices, notably agricultural products. This is justified because the two feature of future markets are variability and unpredictable in prices. Malaysia Crude Palm Oil is currently the top futures contract by trading volume and open interest. Future Crude Palm Oil (FCPO) contract has been the global price benchmark. It has been launched by Bursa Malaysia Derivatives Bhd. (MDEX) or as known as Kuala Lumpur Commodity Exchange (KLCE) in September 2008. It is considered as a commodity derivatives instrument that use Ringgit denominated Crude Palm Oil Future contract which has been trading since 1980. FCPO is derived from the actual priceof physical palm oil . On the other hand, physical palm oil is the underlying instrument which is traded in the local deliver market. FCPO is local investment product and being traded in Malaysian Ringgit. It is an investment product that offered by Bursa Malaysia which it being monitor their creadibility and transparency by Securities Commission Malaysia. It has been approved by The Adviser of Securities Commission Malaysia as one of investment product that has been declared as shariah compliance. The profit that being generated from FCPO is tax free. FCPO traded using matured palm oil and globally where hedgers involved actively and contributed to the real market based on demand and supply in palm oil market. Commodities futures is introduced for two reasons. Firstly, it can be used to manage price risk. It is the main reason in derivative trading because trading derivative can reduce the risk goods by providing an additional way to invest the lesser trading cost. Its also provide extra liquidity in the stock market. Second reason is FCPO can be used as hedging vehicles. If we use commodities as one of the hedging vehicle, it is a very technical strategy that used almost by producer and processors to protect a position in commodities. For example, a grower would use commodity hedge to obtain price as high as possible for the he or she sells. N. M. Naziman, A. Samad, Yusrina H. (2012) investigate the price of discovery of the Malaysian crude palm oil future market. They find there is a dynamic relationship between spot and future prices and it prove that the crude palm oil prices effect the price discovery function, therefore future prices will be used by producers and traders as the relevent price for they making decision. Their finding is very useful for anyone in agricultural commodities markets such as producers, traders, regulators and policy maker. Rosalan, Shafinar (2006) said that as an agricultural product, palm oil prices are known for its unpredictability and variability. As such, the price movement of palm oil are very volatile in past few decades. For the past twenty five years palm oil prices had fallen to as low as RM400 per tonne in 1986 to as high as RM2 500 tonne in 1998. Therefore, at the peak of 1997-98 currency crisis, palm oil sector helped Malaysian economy from falling further and longer. In the beginning of 20th century, palm oil prices are remain floating between RM1,100 RM 1,300 per tonne. For the first half of 2003, it is trading around RM1,400 to RM1,600 per tonne. PROBLEM STATEMENT A study which analyzes the relationship between future trading activities (trading volume) and spot market volatility on Crude Palm Oil Future (FCPO). Without better understanding from the relationship between variables define above will give negative impact and will end up will some loss. Price of FCPO is very volatile and unexpected. Some people said that, it because of the existence of speculators because they creating untrue news and keep speculate the market. They also one of the main reason why price of FCPO keep volatile and they take advantage from the volatile market. Investor should more sensetive regarding the price of crude palm oil and try to avoid speculator that will make our life miserable. A model that is frequently used to link futures and spot contracts uses the concept of cost of storage. In this model, the difference between the spot and futures contracts is the cost of carrying the commodity into the future, specified by the maturity date of the futures contract. This difference, or the cost of storage, may either be negative or positive, depending on the trading volume of the underlying asset and spot price. Acording to Bakaert and Harvey (1997), emerging future market are characterized by low liquidity, small trading, and maybe the return produced higher sample average, better predictability, higher volatility and offer smaller sample for research. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to examine the stabilizing or destabilizing effect of derivative market on spot market for crude palm oil, to understand the destabilization effect, the relationship of the unexpected liquidity of future market. This paper also empirically examine the effect of future trading activities on spot price volatility for crude palm oil. This study is differ from other studies of future trading because Malaysia is the number one producer and exporter of palm oil in the world market. Besides that, FCPO were the first derivative instrument being traded in Malaysia. Secondly, this study differ with other studies because we use the GARCH family of statistical models which are a superior technique for modelling volatility. GARCH is a model for forecasting volatility where the variance rate follows mean reverting process. LITERATURE REVIEW Future market is a form of derivative market. It developed as a means to accommodate the volatility of commodity prices, notably agricultural products. Rosalan Ali,(1998) and Shafinar I.(2006) said that this is justified because the two feature of futures markets are variability and and unpredictability in prices. The prices shows very fluctuate and always volatile. Thats why agricultural supplier and users concern in managing adverse price movements and hence, futures market being used as on of hedging mechanism. Basically, there are two type of group involved in future market that is hedgers and speculators. Rosalan Ali said hedgers can provide wider protection for from drastic move in commodities prices. They can remove the effect of price increase and decrease and stabilizing and give flexible management action. By creating counterbalancing position in future market, profit can compansated any loss in future market. And this can create a stable price which can be determined in ad vanced. Spot price volatility behavior is very related and very close to the stabilization issue. If we used derivative trading efficiently and improved it, the volatility problem can be reduced. Speculators who are creating the speculative forces will be attracted to the lower transaction in derivative trading which is can affect also spot market volatility. This show the positive relation that the introduction of derivative will afffect the volatility underlying spot market. There are many past studied intensely debated about the future trading will affect de- stabilize the spot market by making volatile. Sbehal B., Saurabh G (2003) and Sanjay S. Namita (2012) said that derivative will attract speculator. If with the participant of speculators, this will allow high level of leverage which mean that will make the quality information lower in market. Speculators will make money when there are price movements and lose money when the price move against them. As a risk taker, the margin require ment and commision charges are considered and the effect of leverage. This means that once the contract is opened (open interest), his position will be marked daily according to market( closing) prices. Sahadevan(2002) found that the the analysis of futures markets in agricultural commodities in the India on price discovery in a sample six commodities traded in four exchanged not efficient in sense that the futures prices are not unbiased predictor of the future ready rates. Sahadevan show that the different between the future prices and the future ready rates is an indication of inefficiency come from the underdeveloped nature of the market. Lazaros, Marcel, Chris (2012) analayzes the fundamental role of inventory in explaining commodities futures prices and their volatilities in the economic framework. They using an extensive dataset of monthly inventories for 21 different commodities for the period from 1993 to 2011 and test two prediction. First they found negative relationship between inventories and forward. Second, they found that inventory is negatively related to commodity price volatility. Besides that, they also foundlow inventory more impact on volatility than high inventory. In commodity future markets, few studies have addressed this issue. Noriza, Noraini (2012) said that commodity price instrument relatively very volatile which is reflected to their trading mechanism performance.This statement proved using relation between price with open interest, volume of trading and cash settlement and test using regression. The volatility of the commodity price instrument can be evaluate based on analyzing pattern movement fron high to low level. The result is increasing in price of FCPO and FPKO will increase their trading volume, cash settlement and open interest. For recommendation , the trader or investor in Malaysia can invest in FCPO contract compared to FPKO since the contracts can maximize the trader profit. METHOD The data consist of crude palm oil which is most actively traded on Malaysia Derivative Exchange (MDEX). The selection of crude palm oil commodities because FCPO is in investment instrument that have inflation sheild and mostly other investment influence also because of the characteristics is two way market. It aslo proved future market that have the most stable product among other product offered by Bursa Malaysia. It also offered high leverage compared with other instrument offered in Malaysia where the potential return is very high. The period of study is from October 2006 to October 2012 and data being extracted from Bursa Malaysia website. The data comprises of daily closing spot and future prices of the crude palm oil. To minimize the heteroscedasticity in data, we take the natural logarithm of daily prices. The daily spot return are constructed from the spot price data as log (/), where is the spot price at time t. These commodities are applied to examine the aggregate behavior of commodities with regards to destabilisation effects. THE HODRICK- PRESCOTT FILTER (HP FILTER) The paper uses HP filter to decompose the study series into expected and unexpected components. Like GARCH MODEL The GARCH (1,1) Model We begin with the simplest GARCH (1,1) specification : n which the mean equation given in (a) is written as a function of exogenous with an error term. Since is the one-period ahead forecast variance based on past information, it is called the conditional variance. The conditional variance equation specified in (b) is a function of three terms : A constant term News about volatility from the previous, measured as the lag of the squared residual from the mean equation (the ARCH term). Last periods forecast variance (the GARCH term). The (1,1) in GARCH (1,1) refers to the presence of a first- order autoregressive GARCH term (the first term in the parentheses) and a first- order moving average ARCH term ( the second term in parentheses). An ordinary ARCH model is a special case of a GARCH specification in which there are no lagged forecast variances in the conditional variance equation, a GARCH (0,1). There are two equivalent representation of the variance equation that may aid you in the interpreting model : If we recursively substitute for the lagged variance on the right-hand side of Equation (b), we can express the conditional variance as a weighted average of all of the lagged squared residuals: We see that the GARCH (1,1) variance specification is analogous to the sample variance, but that it down- weights more distant lagged squared errors. The error in the squared returns is given by . Substituting for the variances in the variance equation and rearranging terms we can write our model in terms of the errors: Thus the squared errors follow a heteroscedasitic ARMA (1,1) process. The autoregressive root which governs the persistence of volatility shocks is the sum of and . In many applied setting, this root is very close to unity so that shocks die out rather slowly. The GARCH (q,p) model and the GARCH-M model are other versions of GARCH model. We take the residuals of GARCH model to take this as a measure of spot market volatility. GARCH 1 1 P Q model hence our paper model hence our paper model has used this model. EXPECTED RESULT Using GARCH methodology, this article evaluated the effect of future trading on spot market volatility of FCPO. The expected result is FCPO trading in future market have destabilized spot prices of underlying commodities. Based on previous studies, most of future trading have impact on spot price volatility whether increase in volatility or decrease in volatility. CONCLUSION Using GARCH methodology, this paper evaluated the impact of introduction of future on spot market volatility in Malaysian commodity market or more likely about Crude Palm Oil Future that being traded in the Malaysian Derivatives Exchange. The effect of future trading activities on spot price volatility for crude palm oil which is the most liquid future contracts traded in the Bursa Malaysian derivative market have attracted interest from many researchers. Empirical studies carried out so far does not have any solution on the debate of the effect future trading on spot price volatility on CPO. In particular, the effort is targeted towards estimating the convenience yield implicit in the prices of futures contracts using historical return variances. This parameter is then included in the cost-of-carry model for determining whether or not any improvement in forecasting ability can be achieved. The results, based on 15-year from 1988 to 2002, support the claim that the model provides a b etter prediction than the simple cost-of-carry model, both for in-sample and out-ofsample data. This strengthens the view that historical return variances play a role in the pricing of futures contracts for commodities, and can be used to provide a relatively good forecast of futures prices